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3-Nitrene-2-formylthiophene and 3-Nitrene-2-formylfuran: Matrix Isolation, Conformation, and Rearrangement Reactions
Two new heteroarylnitrenes, 3-nitrene-2-formylthiophene (15/15?) and 3-nitrene-2-formylfuran (16/16?), in the triplet ground state have been generated in solid Ar (10.0 K) and N2 (15.0 K) matrices by the 266 nm laser photolysis of 3-azido-2-formylthiophene (13) and 3-azido-2-formylfuran (14), respectively. According to the characterization with matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level, both nitrenes exhibit two conformations depending on the orientation of the formyl groups. Upon subsequent green-light irradiation (532 nm), both the nitrenes 15/15? and 16/16? undergo ring closure to form 3,2-thienoisoxazole (17) and 3,2-furoisoxazole (18), respectively. Traces of 3-imino-4,5-dihydrothiophene-2-ketene (19), formally formed through the intramolecular 1,4-H shift in the corresponding nitrenes 15/15?, have been also identified among the laser photolysis products of the azide 13. In sharp contrast to the photochemistry, the high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of the azide 13 at ca. 1000 K mainly yields imino ketene in two conformations 19/19? together with traces of isoxazole 17. In addition to the reversible conformational interconversion in the imino ketene 19 ? 19?, the photoisomerization from isoxazole 17 to imino ketene 19 has also been observed. The HVFP of the azide 14 at ca. 1000 K results in complete dissociation to HCN, C2H2, CO, CO2, H2O, and N2. Unlike the recently disclosed hydrogen-atom tunneling (HAT) in the transformation from the structurally related 2-formyl phenylnitrene (2) to imino ketene 3 in a cryogenic Ar-matrix, the absence of HAT in nitrenes 15 and 16 can be reasonably explained by the higher barrier heights and also larger barrier widths in the isomerization reactions.
Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions.Application In Synthesis of Isoxazole, you can also check out more blogs about288-14-2
Reference：
Isoxazole – Wikipedia,
Isoxazole | C3H3NO – PubChem